without

[ with-out, with- ]

preposition

1. with the absence, omission, or avoidance of; not with; with no or none of; lacking:

   without help; without shoes; without her helping me; without him to help.

2. free from; excluding:

   a world without hunger.

3. not accompanied by:

   Don't go without me.

4. at, on, or to the outside of; outside of:

   both within and without the house or the city.

5. beyond the compass, limits, range, or scope of (now used chiefly in opposition to within ):

   whether within or without the law.

adverb

1. in or into an exterior or outer place; outside.
2. outside a house, building, etc.:

   The carriage awaits without.

3. lacking something implied or understood:

   We must take this or go without.

4. as regards the outside; externally.

noun

1. the outside of a place, region, area, room, etc.

conjunction

1. Midland and Southern U.S. unless.

without

/ wɪˈðaʊt /

preposition

1. not having

   a traveller without much money

2. not accompanied by

   he came without his wife

3. not making use of

   it is not easy to undo screws without a screwdriver

4. foll by a verbal noun or noun phrase not, while not, or after not

   she can sing for two minutes without drawing breath

5. archaic.
   on the outside of

adverb

1. formal.
   outside; outwardly

conjunction

1. not_standard.
   unless

   don't come without you have some money

Word History and Origins

Origin of without¹

First recorded before 900; Middle English withouten, Old English withūtan (adverb and preposition); equivalent to with + out

Idioms and Phrases

• absent without leave
• do without
• get along without
• go without saying
• no smoke without fire

Example Sentences

Scientists at Cranfield University then said in August this year that they had found a way to detect fake honey products without opening the jar.

From BBC

Piastri said: “It was defence the whole race. Just didn’t quite have the pace. Some great team work. Without that help, it would have been a much more difficult sprint.”

From BBC

But the evaluation also "highlights areas where further legal reforms are needed and makes reference to the need for effective enforcement, without which the risk of indecent working conditions could be elevated".

From BBC

Some are worried about the bill's provisions to allow doctors to raise assisted dying as an option without the terminally ill patient having asked for it first.

From BBC

But that could take years, and for now, many are left without a clear path forward for sports enjoyed by millions at all levels of accomplishment.

From Slate