retrograde

[ re-truh-greyd ]

adjective

1. moving backward; having a backward motion or direction; retiring or retreating.
2. inverse or reversed, as order.

   Synonyms: backward

3. Chiefly Biology. exhibiting degeneration or deterioration.
4. Astronomy.
   1. moving in an orbit in the direction opposite to that of the earth in its revolution around the sun.
   2. appearing to move on the celestial sphere in the direction opposite to the natural order of the signs of the zodiac, or from east to west. Compare direct ( def 25 ).
5. Music. proceeding from the last note to the first:

   a melody in retrograde motion.

6. Archaic. contrary; opposed.

verb (used without object)

, ret·ro·grad·ed, ret·ro·grad·ing.

1. to move or go backward; retire or retreat.

   Synonyms: retrocede, recede, withdraw

2. Chiefly Biology. to decline to a worse condition; degenerate.
3. Astronomy. to have a retrograde motion.

verb (used with object)

, ret·ro·grad·ed, ret·ro·grad·ing.

1. Archaic. to turn back.

retrograde

/ ˈrɛtrəʊˌɡreɪd /

adjective

1. moving or bending backwards
2. (esp of order) reverse or inverse
3. tending towards an earlier worse condition; declining or deteriorating
4. astronomy
   1. occurring or orbiting in a direction opposite to that of the earth's motion around the sun Compare direct
   2. occurring or orbiting in a direction around a planet opposite to the planet's rotational direction

      the retrograde motion of the satellite Phoebe around Saturn

   3. appearing to move in a clockwise direction due to the rotational period exceeding the period of revolution around the sun

      Venus has retrograde rotation

5. biology tending to retrogress; degenerate
6. music of, concerning, or denoting a melody or part that is played backwards
7. obsolete.
   opposed, contrary, or repugnant to

verb

1. to move in a retrograde direction; retrogress
2. military another word for retreat

retrograde

/ rĕt′rə-grād′ /

1. Having a rotational or orbital movement that is opposite to the movement of most bodies within a celestial system. In the solar system, retrograde bodies are those that rotate or orbit in a clockwise direction (east to west) when viewed from a vantage point above the Earth's north pole. Venus, Uranus, and Pluto have retrograde rotational movements. No planets in the solar system have retrograde orbital movements, but four of Jupiter's moons exhibit such movement.
2. Having a brief, regularly occurring, apparently backward movement in the sky as viewed from Earth against the background of fixed stars. Retrograde movement of the planets is caused by the differing orbital velocities of Earth and the body observed. For example, the outer planets normally appear to drift gradually eastward in the sky in relation to the fixed stars; that is, they appear night after night to fall a little farther behind the neighboring stars in their westward passage across the sky. However, at certain times a particular planet appears briefly to speed up and move westward a bit more quickly than the neighboring stars. This happens as Earth, in its faster inner orbit, overtakes and passes the planet in its slower outer orbit; the appearance of moving counter to its usual eastward drift is thus simply the result of perspective as seen from Earth.
3. Compare prograde

Derived Forms

• ˌretrograˈdation, noun
• ˈretroˌgradely, adverb

Other Words From

• retro·gradely adverb
• retro·grading·ly adverb
• un·retro·graded adjective
• un·retro·grading adjective

Word History and Origins

Origin of retrograde¹

First recorded in 1350–1400; Middle English (adjective), from Latin retrōgradus going back, derivative of retrōgradī, equivalent to retrō- retro- + gradī “to step, go”; grade

Word History and Origins

Origin of retrograde¹

C14: from Latin retrōgradī to go backwards, from gradi to walk, go

Example Sentences

Hollywood may be frantically mining race for stories, but in the real world, the issue of racial ambiguity, of being neither Black nor white, seems caught in some retrograde time warp.

From Los Angeles Times

Dr Campion says Mercury retrograde didn’t always have the same prominence that is does today: “It was always a very minor phenomenon in astrology.”

From BBC

This idea that Democrats are retrograde and prejudiced has been pervasive here, not just in Junior’s speech.

From Los Angeles Times

In astronomy, this is known as "retrograde motion" and is a tipoff that an object was once "accreted," or drawn in from elsewhere.

From Science Daily

What began as a desire to write about Butterfly McQueen for Ebony, where his editors dismissed the “Gone With the Wind” as retrograde and demeaning, turned into a groundbreaking work of cinema studies.

From Los Angeles Times