nonplussed

[ non-pluhst ]

adjective

1. completely puzzled or perplexed by something unexpected:

   She blows a hole in the wall and escapes, and the nonplussed aliens are left wondering what happened.

2. not dismayed; indifferent or unexcited; calm:

   I hadn’t yet told my girlfriend I was leaving—I didn't want to risk being crushed by a nonplussed response to the news.

verb

1. the simple past tense and past participle of nonplus ( def ).

Usage Note

The most common sense of nonplussed is “puzzled or perplexed”: Her odd choice of words left me somewhat nonplussed. But there is a more recent and less common usage with almost the opposite meaning, “unfazed, indifferent, or unexcited”: She remained nonplussed throughout the child’s tantrum, simply waiting till it was over. Although this second usage is gaining traction even in edited writing, many speakers and writers consider it nonstandard and avoid it as potentially confusing. There are several theories about how this contradictory second meaning came into being. One explanation is the analysis of nonplussed as non- “not” + plussed, interpreted as “not puzzled, perplexed, bothered, or impressed,” possibly by analogy with other words that have a negative prefix and similar meaning, such as unfazed and indifferent, and perhaps influenced by nonchalant. However, plussed has no meaning in English, and the non at the beginning is not in fact the common English negative prefix non- found in such words as nonalcoholic or nonexistent. Interestingly, the adjective nonplussed was formed from the less common verb nonplus “to puzzle or perplex,” which was originally a noun meaning “a state of utter perplexity,” and this noun was borrowed from the Latin phrase nōn plūs “not more; no further.” In other words, a state of perplexity is one in which the person can think of no more to say or do.

Word History and Origins

Origin of nonplussed¹

First recorded in 1600–10; nonplus ( def ) + -ed ²( def )

Example Sentences

I was further nonplussed by a bizarre incident at a large end-of-summer meet.

From Salon

Though his demise was not exactly surprising — Durst was 78 and had been in failing health for years — it still left him nonplussed, Jarecki said.

From Los Angeles Times

For my character, she was at the beginning so nonplussed every time he would flirt with me, I'd be like, "What? What are you talking about?"

From Salon

When Mr McCarthy walked on to the floor, he made every effort to appear nonplussed by it all.

From BBC

Gillian and Stephen were also nonplussed when they discovered there was a train strike on the day of the Cup final.

From BBC

Related Words

• agitated
• anxious
• concerned
• confused
• crazy
• distressed
• frantic
• hysterical
• mad
• perturbed
• tormented
• troubled

More About Nonplussed

what does nonplussed mean?

Nonplussed means totally perplexed, puzzled, or confused, often to the point of not knowing what to do or say.

Nonplussed is primarily used as an adjective, but it can also be the past tense of the verb nonplus, meaning to perplex, puzzle, or utterly confuse someone.

Sometimes, people use nonplussed to mean something like “nonchalant” or “unbothered” (as if the plussed part meant “bothered”), which is just about the opposite of the original meaning of nonplussed. But there is no adjective plussed. You’ll be a lot less nonplussed about all this after you read the origin of the word below.

Example: When his parents told him that they were moving the family across the country to start a skunk farm, Sam just sat there nonplussed, completely unable to process any of it.

Where does nonplussed come from?

The first records of nonplussed as an adjective come from around 1600. The word nonplus was originally used as a noun, and it comes from the Latin phrase nōn plūs, literally translating as “not more” and meaning “no further,” referring to a state in which nothing more can be done—a standstill. (The English word plus also comes from the Latin word plūs, meaning “more.”) Nonplus came to be used as a verb meaning “to bring to a standstill” and then “to perplex.”

Someone who’s nonplussed is at a loss, with “no more” to think, say, or do. They may be speechless from hearing shocking news, being tricked, or being asked a bizarre question. The same thing is implied by the word dumbfounded. A person who’s nonplussed isn’t just a little confused. They’re completely perplexed, puzzled, baffled, and bewildered—and they’re probably bothered by it.

The first records of the nonstandard use of nonplussed to mean “unfazed,” “nonchalant,” or “unimpressed” come from the 1960s, and it has become even more common since then. It’s often used in a way that’s just about the opposite of its original meaning, as in I’m nonplussed by all the attention—it doesn’t bother me at all. It most likely comes from the misconception that the non part is the common prefix non- meaning “not,” resulting in “not plussed.” But plussed does not mean “fazed” and it is not used by itself. (By contrast, you can be gruntled.)

Did you know ... ?

What are some other forms related to nonplussed?

• nonplus (verb)

What are some synonyms for nonplussed?

• perplexed
• puzzled
• dumbfounded
• confounded
• baffled
• bewildered
• flustered

What are some words that share a root or word element with nonplussed? 

• plus

What are some words that often get used in discussing nonplussed?

 

• confuse
• appear
• faze
• speechless

How is nonplussed used in real life?

Nonplussed meaning “unfazed” is probably used just about as much as nonplussed meaning “perplexed,” and there’s nothing you can do about it.

A truck loaded with thousands of copies of Roget's Thesaurus crashed yesterday losing its entire load. Witnesses were stunned, startled, aghast, taken aback, stupefied, confused, shocked, rattled, paralyses, dazed, bewildered, mixed up, surprised, awed, dumbfounded, nonplussed…

— Ralph Nelson Willett (@NorthernOvation) March 28, 2020

Anyone else nonplussed about the penultimate definition of bemused?

— Lincoln Michel (@TheLincoln) April 17, 2018

Not reading into it, just observing, but man did the Clippers on camera look oddly nonplussed about losing that tough game

— Ethan Strauss (@SherwoodStrauss) March 24, 2017

 

 

Try using nonplussed!

Is nonplussed used correctly in the following sentence?

The question left him completely nonplussed, and he just stood there with his mouth open.