file

¹

[ fahyl ]

noun

1. a folder, cabinet, or other container in which papers, letters, etc., are arranged in convenient order for storage or reference.
2. a collection of papers, records, etc., arranged in convenient order:

   to make a file for a new account.

3. Computers. a collection of related data or program records stored on some input/output or auxiliary storage medium:

   This program's main purpose is to update the customer master file.

4. a line of persons or things arranged one behind another ( rank ¹def 10 ).
5. Military.
   1. a person in front of or behind another in a military formation.
   2. one step on a promotion list.
6. one of the vertical lines of squares on a chessboard.
7. a list or roll.
8. a string or wire on which papers are strung for preservation and reference.

verb (used with object)

filed, filing.

1. to place in a file.
2. to arrange (papers, records, etc.) in convenient order for storage or reference.

   Synonyms: index, catalog, label, classify, categorize, list

3. Journalism.
   1. to arrange (copy) in the proper order for transmittal by wire.
   2. to transmit (copy), as by wire or telephone:

      He filed copy from Madrid all through the war.

verb (used without object)

filed, filing.

1. to march in a file or line, one after another, as soldiers:

   The parade filed past endlessly.

2. to make application:

   to file for a civil-service job.

file

²

[ fahyl ]

noun

1. a long, narrow tool of steel or other metal having a series of ridges or points on its surfaces for reducing or smoothing surfaces of metal, wood, etc.
2. a small, similar tool for trimming and cleaning fingernails; nail file.
3. British Slang. a cunning, shrewd, or artful person.

verb (used with object)

filed, filing.

1. to reduce, smooth, or remove with or as if with a file.

file

³

[ fahyl ]

verb (used with object)

Archaic.

filed, filing.

1. to defile; corrupt.

filé

⁴

[ fi-ley, fee-ley ]

noun

New Orleans Cooking.

1. a powder made from the ground leaves of the sassafras tree, used as a thickener and to impart a pungent taste to soups, gumbos, and other dishes.

file

¹

/ faɪl /

noun

1. a folder, box, etc, used to keep documents or other items in order
2. the documents, etc, kept in this way
3. documents or information about a specific subject, person, etc

   we have a file on every known thief

4. an orderly line or row
5. a line of people in marching formation, one behind another Compare rank 1
6. any of the eight vertical rows of squares on a chessboard
7. computing a named collection of information, in the form of text, programs, graphics, etc, held on a permanent storage device such as a magnetic disk
8. obsolete.
   a list or catalogue
9. a group of problems or responsibilities, esp in government, associated with a particular topic

   the environment file

10. on file
    recorded or catalogued for reference, as in a file

verb

1. to place (a document, letter, etc) in a file
2. tr to put on record, esp to place (a legal document) on public or official record; register
3. tr to bring (a suit, esp a divorce suit) in a court of law
4. tr to submit (copy) to a newspaper or news agency
5. intr to march or walk in a file or files

   the ants filed down the hill

file

²

/ faɪl /

noun

1. a hand tool consisting essentially of a steel blade with small cutting teeth on some or all of its faces. It is used for shaping or smoothing metal, wood, etc
2. rare.
   a cunning or deceitful person

verb

1. tr to shape or smooth (a surface) with a file

file

³

/ faɪl /

verb

1. obsolete.
   tr to pollute or defile

file

/ fīl /

1. A collection of related data or program records stored as a unit with a single name. Files are the basic units that a computer works with in storing and retrieving data.

Derived Forms

• ˈfiler, noun
• ˈfiler, noun

Other Word Forms

• filea·ble adjective
• filer noun
• non·filer noun

Word History and Origins

Origin of file¹

First recorded in 1425–75; late Middle English verb filen, from Middle French filer “to string documents on a thread or wire,” Old French: “to wind or spin thread,” from Vulgar Latin fīlāre “to wind or spin thread,” from the Latin noun fīlum “a string, thread”; the English noun is derived from the verb

Origin of file²

First recorded before 900; Middle English; Old English fīl, fēol; cognate with German Feile; akin to Slavic (Polish) piła “saw”

Origin of file³

First recorded before 1000; Middle English, Old English fȳlan “to befoul, defile,” derivative of fūl foul

Origin of file⁴

1800–10, Americanism; < Louisiana French; literally, twisted, ropy, stringy (perhaps originally applied to dishes thickened with the powder), past participle of French filer; file ¹

Word History and Origins

Origin of file¹

C16 (in the sense: string on which documents are hung): from Old French filer , from Medieval Latin fīlāre ; see filament

Origin of file²

Old English fīl ; related to Old Saxon fīla , Old High German fīhala file, Greek pikros bitter, sharp

Origin of file³

Old English fӯlan ; related to Middle Low German vülen ; see defile ¹, filth , foul

Idioms and Phrases

Idioms

1. on file, arranged in order for convenient reference; in a file:

   The names are on file in the office.

More idioms and phrases containing file

see in single file ; on file ; rank and file .

Example Sentences

The Department of Homeland Security released details of a 2021 restraining order filed by his wife, who alleged he punched and scratched her and ripped off her shirt.

From BBC

Another woman came forward with similar accusations in a lawsuit filed in August 2023.

From Los Angeles Times

He said a complaint was filed in August with the district attorney’s Public Integrity Division, which looks into criminal allegations made against public officials.

From Los Angeles Times

No charges have been filed, the White House confirmed, adding that more details would follow if the justice department took action.

From BBC

There can be no question that “intentionally marking people who are still living as dead” in the master file “is unheard of and improper,” Flick stated.

From Los Angeles Times

Related Words

• book
• case
• data
• directory
• dossier
• folder
• information
• list
• notebook
• record