thermodynamics

[ thur-moh-dahy-nam-iks ]

noun

, (used with a singular verb)

1. the science concerned with the relations between heat and mechanical energy or work, and the conversion of one into the other: modern thermodynamics deals with the properties of systems for the description of which temperature is a necessary coordinate.

thermodynamics

/ ˌθɜːməʊdaɪˈnæmɪks /

noun

1. functioning as singular the branch of physical science concerned with the interrelationship and interconversion of different forms of energy and the behaviour of macroscopic systems in terms of certain basic quantities, such as pressure, temperature, etc See also law of thermodynamics

thermodynamics

/ thûr′mō-dī-năm′ĭks /

1. The branch of physics that deals with the relationships between heat and other forms of energy. Four basic laws have been established.
2. ◆ The first law states that the amount of energy added to a system is equal to the sum of its increase in heat energy and the work done on the system. The first law is an example of the principle of conservation of energy.
3. ◆ The second law states that heat energy cannot be transferred from a body at a lower temperature to a body with a higher one without the addition of energy. Thus, warm air outside can transfer its energy to a cold room, but transferring energy out of a cold room to the air outside requires extra energy (as with an air conditioner).
4. ◆ The third law states that the entropy of a pure crystal at absolute zero is zero. Since there can be no physical system with lower entropy, all entropy is thus defined to have a positive value.
5. ◆ The zeroth law states that if two bodies are in thermal equilibrium with some third body, then they are also in equilibrium with each other. This law has its name because it was implicitly assumed in the development of the other laws, and is in fact more fundamental than the others, but was only later established as a law itself.

thermodynamics

1. The branch of physics devoted to the study of heat and related phenomena. The behavior of heat is governed by the three laws of thermodynamics: (1) The total energy of an isolated system cannot change; this is the law of conservation of energy . (2) Heat will not flow from a cold to a hot object spontaneously ( see entropy ). (3) It is impossible, in a finite number of operations, to produce a temperature of absolute zero .

Notes

All thermodynamic properties of matter can be understood in terms of the motion of atoms and molecules .

Other Words From

• thermo·dy·nami·cist noun

Word History and Origins

Origin of thermodynamics¹

First recorded in 1850–55; thermo- + dynamics

Example Sentences

"Our investigations have shown that although the hazard scenarios involving hydrogen vehicles are relatively unlikely, they harbour great potential for damage. Modern hydrogen tanks are built so safely that a lot has to go wrong for the hydrogen to escape," says Daniel Fruhwirt from the Institute of Thermodynamics and Sustainable Propulsion Systems.

From Science Daily

The law becomes less reliable when it comes to volatile liquids like water, alcohol, and perfumes due to the thermodynamics between the air, liquid, and surface coming into play.

From Science Daily

The team -- in collaboration with Prashant Valluri of the University of Edinburgh and George Karapetsas of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki -- then conducted a series of experiments carefully imaging the movement and thermodynamics of volatile liquids.

From Science Daily

By combining atmospheric and interior physics models with Webb's data of WASP-107 b, the team accounted for how the planet's thermodynamics influences its observable atmosphere.

From Science Daily

In a paper published in Physical Review X on May 13, a quartet of physicists and computer scientists expand the modern theory of the thermodynamics of computation.

From Science Daily