they

[ they ]

pronoun

objective: thempossessive: their or theirs

1. nominative plural of he, she, and it ¹:

   He needed a ride, and she had her car, so they left together.

2. people in general:

   They say he's rich.

3. nominative singular pronoun:
   1. (used to refer to a generic or unspecified person previously mentioned, about to be mentioned, or present in the immediate context): A person may enlist only if they are over 18.

      Whoever is of voting age, whether they are interested in politics or not, should vote.

      A person may enlist only if they are over 18.

   2. (used to refer to a specific or known person previously mentioned, about to be mentioned, or present in the immediate context): My best friend from high school is famous now—too bad we didn’t stay in touch after they moved to California.

      The victim refused to testify at the trial because they feared for their life.

      My best friend from high school is famous now—too bad we didn’t stay in touch after they moved to California.

   3. (used to refer to a nonbinary or gender-nonconforming person previously mentioned, about to be mentioned, or present in the immediate context):

      Quinn is waiting for summer vacation to adopt a puppy, so they will have more time to get their new family member properly settled.

they

/ ðeɪ /

pronoun

1. refers to people or things other than the speaker or people addressed

   they fight among themselves

2. refers to unspecified people or people in general not including the speaker or people addressed

   in Australia they have Christmas in the summer

3. not_standard.
   refers to an indefinite antecedent such as one, whoever, or anybody

   if anyone objects, they can go

4. an archaic word for those

   blessed are they that mourn

Usage

It was formerly considered correct to use he, him, or his after pronouns such as everyone, no-one, anyone, or someone as in everyone did his best, but it is now more common to use they, them, or their, and this use has become acceptable in all but the most formal contexts: everyone did their best

Grammar Note

Traditional grammars have limited the use of they to refer only to a plural antecedent. These grammars recommended using the singular masculine he as if it were generic, referring to a man, woman, or humanity universally: Each person should bring his own lunch. Later, when generic he was criticized as sexist, he or she began to be used in its place. But in spite of its prescriptive prohibition, the pronoun they is also used to refer to a single person in three distinct ways. The oldest type, and the one most accepted by style guides, is when they refers to a generic, unspecified individual, or to a person whose gender and other personal details are unknown or irrelevant. Generic and singular indefinite they and related case forms their and them are found in respected works, from Shakespeare’s The Comedy of Errors (There's not a man I meet but doth salute me/As if I were their well-acquainted friend) to Lewis Carroll’s Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (If everybody minded their own business … the world would go round a deal faster than it does), as well as in the writing of authors like Shelley, Swift, Scott, Dickens, and Austen. Singular they is also used as a pronoun for a known, specified person, particularly when the individual is named with a job title or other noun phrase, instead of a proper name: My teacher had their car stolen. This specific singular they looks similar to the generic singular they, but is somewhat less acceptable in conservatively edited English. Nonbinary singular use of they, their, and them has become widely accepted in the 21st century. It has become much more common for people in general to announce which pronoun they use or to ask what pronoun another person uses. Some people, especially nonbinary, genderqueer, and gender-nonconforming people, don't like being referred to with either the traditionally masculine he or the feminine she. In those cases, nonbinary singular they is used as one alternative: When Tyler was applying to college, they indicated their intended major on the application. In addition to he, she, and singular they, there are also gender-neutral neopronouns like ze used for this purpose. Singular they can also be used when a person’s pronouns aren’t known, or to avoid assigning gender, and some style guides have been recommending this usage since the mid-2010s. And although they may be used as a singular pronoun, they still takes a plural verb, analogous to the use of "you are" to refer to one person: The student brought in a note to show why they were absent. he ¹.

Word History and Origins

Origin of they¹

First recorded in 1150–1200; Middle English thei, they, from Old Norse their “they”; replacing Old English hī(e); cognate with Old English thā, plural of thæt; that

Word History and Origins

Origin of they¹

C12: thei from Old Norse their, masculine nominative plural, equivalent to Old English thā

Idioms and Phrases

see bigger they come ; let the chips fall where they may .

Example Sentences

Combinations of the drugs had stronger protective effects than if they were used alone.

From Science Daily

Among other things, they will continue to study how diet and lifestyle, in addition to drug treatment for cardiovascular disease, affect the risk of developing dementia.

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"We found these particular transcription initiating sites in nodules, but not in the roots or any other tissues, suggesting they are for tissue-specific transcription and associated with nodule-specific function," said Ma.

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Evolutionarily, these alternative sites may have been beneficial to soybeans and other plants because they allowed for increased complexity and adaptability under a limited genome.

From Science Daily

"After duplication, the majority of genes are still in pairs; however, they show different expression patterns, and many have functionally diverged to regulate different traits," Ma said.

From Science Daily

Related Words

• he
• I
• it
• she
• sie
• ve
• xe
• you
• ze
• zie