spread

[ spred ]

verb (used with object)

, spread, spread·ing.

1. to draw, stretch, or open out, especially over a flat surface, as something rolled or folded (often followed by out ).

   Synonyms: expand, unroll, unfold

2. to stretch out or unfurl in the air, as folded wings, a flag, etc. (often followed by out ).
3. to distribute over a greater or a relatively great area of space or time (often followed by out ):

   to spread out the papers on the table.

4. to display or exhibit the full extent of; set out in full:

   He spread the pots on the ground and started hawking his wares.

5. to dispose or distribute in a sheet or layer:

   to spread hay to dry.

6. to apply in a thin layer or coating:

   to spread butter on a slice of bread.

7. to overlay or cover with something:

   She spread the blanket over her knees.

8. to set or prepare (a table), as for a meal.
9. to extend or distribute over a region, place, period of time, among a group, etc.
10. to send out, scatter, or shed in various directions, as sound, light, etc.

    Synonyms: radiate, diffuse, emit

11. to scatter abroad; diffuse or disseminate, as knowledge, news, disease, etc.:

    to spread the word of the gospel.

    Synonyms: propagate, promulgate, circulate, publish, scatter, disperse

12. to move or force apart:

    He spread his arms over his head in surrender.

13. to flatten out:

    to spread the end of a rivet by hammering.

14. Phonetics.
    1. to extend the aperture between (the lips) laterally, so as to reduce it vertically, during an utterance.
    2. to delabialize. Compare round ¹( def 55c ), unround.

verb (used without object)

, spread, spread·ing.

1. to become stretched out or extended, as a flag in the wind; expand, as in growth.

   Synonyms: dilate, stretch

2. to extend over a greater or a considerable area or period:

   The factory spread along the river front.

3. to be or lie outspread or fully extended or displayed, as a landscape or scene.
4. to admit of being spread or applied in a thin layer, as a soft substance:

   Margarine spreads easily.

5. to become extended or distributed over a region, as population, animals, plants, etc.
6. to become shed abroad, diffused, or disseminated, as light, influences, rumors, ideas, infection, etc.
7. to be forced apart, as the rails of a railroad track; separate.

noun

1. an act or instance of spreading:

   With a spread of her arms the actress acknowledged the applause.

2. expansion, extension, or diffusion:

   the spread of consumerism.

3. the extent of distribution:

   to measure the spread of branches.

   Synonyms: compass, reach

4. Finance.
   1. the difference between the prices bid and asked of stock or a commodity for a given time.
   2. a type of straddle in which the call price is placed above and the put price is placed below the current market quotation.
   3. the difference between any two prices or rates for related costs:

      the widening spread between lending and borrowing costs.

   4. Stock Exchange. a broker's profit, or the difference between their buying and selling price.
   5. any difference between return on assets and costs of liabilities.
5. capacity for spreading:

   the spread of an elastic material.

6. a distance or range, as between two points or dates:

   The long-distance movers planned a five-day spread between pickup and delivery.

7. a stretch, expanse, or extent of something:

   a spread of timber.

8. a cloth covering for a bed, table, or the like, especially a bedspread.
9. Informal. an abundance of food set out on a table; feast.
10. any food preparation for smearing on bread, crackers, etc., such as jam or peanut butter.
11. Aeronautics. wingspan.
12. Sometimes the spread. point spread.
13. Also called layout. Journalism. (in newspapers and magazines) an extensive, varied treatment of a subject, consisting primarily either of a number of cuts picture spread, or picture layout or of a major story and several supplementary stories, usually extending across three or more columns. Compare double truck.
14. an advertisement, photograph, article, or the like, covering several columns, a full page, or two facing pages of a newspaper, magazine, book, etc.:

    a full-page spread;

    a two-page spread.

15. two facing pages, as of a newspaper, magazine, or book.
16. landed property, as a farm or ranch.
17. lay ¹( def 40 ).

adjective

1. Jewelry. (of a gem) cut with the table too large and the crown too shallow for maximum brilliance; swindled.
2. Phonetics. (of the opening between the lips) extended laterally. Compare rounded ( def 2 ), unrounded.

spread

/ sprɛd /

verb

1. to extend or unfold or be extended or unfolded to the fullest width

   she spread the map on the table

2. to extend or cause to extend over a larger expanse of space or time

   the milk spread all over the floor

   the political unrest spread over several years

3. to apply or be applied in a coating

   butter does not spread very well when cold

4. to distribute or be distributed over an area or region
5. to display or be displayed in its fullest extent

   the landscape spread before us

6. tr to prepare (a table) for a meal
7. tr to lay out (a meal) on a table
8. to send or be sent out in all directions; disseminate or be disseminated

   someone has been spreading rumours

   the disease spread quickly

9. (of rails, wires, etc) to force or be forced apart
10. to increase the breadth of (a part), esp to flatten the head of a rivet by pressing, hammering, or forging
11. tr agriculture
    1. to lay out (hay) in a relatively thin layer to dry
    2. to scatter (seed, manure, etc) over a relatively wide area
12. informal.
    troften foll byaround to make (oneself) agreeable to a large number of people, often of the opposite sex
13. phonetics to narrow and lengthen the aperture of (the lips) as for the articulation of a front vowel, such as ( iː ) in English see ( siː )

noun

1. the act or process of spreading; diffusion, dispersal, expansion, etc

   the spread of the Christian religion

2. informal.
   the wingspan of an aircraft
3. an extent of space or time; stretch

   a spread of 50 years

4. informal.
   a ranch or relatively large tract of land
5. the limit of something fully extended

   the spread of a bird's wings

6. a covering for a table or bed
7. informal.
   a large meal or feast, esp when it is laid out on a table
8. a food which can be spread on bread, etc

   salmon spread

9. two facing pages in a book or other publication
10. a widening of the hips and waist

    middle-age spread

11. stock exchange
    1. the difference between the bid and offer prices quoted by a market maker
    2. the excess of the price at which stock is offered for public sale over the price paid for the same stock by an underwriter
    3. a double option Compare straddle
12. jewellery the apparent size of a gemstone when viewed from above expressed in carats

    a diamond with a spread of four carats

adjective

1. extended or stretched out, esp to the fullest extent
2. (of a gem) shallow and flat
3. phonetics
   1. (of the lips) forming a long narrow aperture
   2. (of speech sounds) articulated with spread lips

      (iː) in English "feel" is a spread vowel

Derived Forms

• ˌspreadaˈbility, noun
• ˈspreadable, adjective

Other Words From

• anti·spreading adjective
• pre·spread verb (used with object) prespread prespreading
• re·spread verb respread respreading
• under·spread verb (used with object) underspread underspreading
• un·spread adjective
• un·spreading adjective

Word History and Origins

Origin of spread¹

First recorded in 1150–1200; Middle English verb spreden, Old English sprǣdan; cognate with Middle Dutch spreden, German spreiten

Word History and Origins

Origin of spread¹

Old English sprǣdan; related to Old High German spreiten to spread, Old Lithuanian sprainas stiff

Idioms and Phrases

Idioms

1. spread oneself thin, to carry on so many projects simultaneously that none is done adequately, or that one's health suffers:

   Many college students spread themselves thin by taking on too many activities during the semester.

Example Sentences

The researchers also found that immune-related genes underwent selective pressures across multiple time periods, likely as ancient populations adapted to new diseases introduced by the spread of agriculture and subsequent migrations.

From Science Daily

Mr Hancock also defended the government’s 'Stay Home, Save Lives, Protect the NHS' messaging, saying that it was “literally true” that “if we didn’t stop the spread of the virus, the NHS would be overwhelmed”.

From BBC

However, particles still seep through cracks, and closing windows and doors also traps exhaled breath, increasing the risk of spreading respiratory illnesses such as COVID-19 or the flu.

From Los Angeles Times

"It means a return to regular Thursday night Super League, with matches spread across the clubs and confirmed for the duration of the season to provide certainty to clubs and fans."

From BBC

And that fear seemed to be justified by the Chernobyl disaster, which spread radioactive contamination across Europe in early 1986.

From BBC

Related Words

• circulate
• cover
• develop
• disperse
• escalate
• expand
• extend
• flow
• increase
• lay
• multiply
• proliferate
• reach
• set
• spray
• stretch