degree of freedom

noun

1. Statistics. any of the statistically independent values of a sample that are used to determine a property of the sample, as the mean or variance.
2. Physical Chemistry. any of the independent variables required to specify the energy of a molecule or atom.

degree of freedom

noun

1. physics one of the minimum number of parameters necessary to describe a state or property of a system
2. one of the independent components of motion (translation, vibration, and rotation) of an atom or molecule
3. chem one of a number of intensive properties that can be independently varied without changing the number of phases in a system See also phase rule
4. statistics one of the independent unrestricted random variables constituting a statistic

degree of freedom

1. Any of the independent thermodynamic variables, such as pressure, temperature, or composition, required to specify a system with a given number of phases and components.
2. Any of the independent terms used to characterize the way a physical system can store energy. For example, a molecule consisting of two atoms can be thought of as having three degrees of freedom: one for its linear motion (as the whole molecule moves through space), one for its angular motion (as it rotates around its center of gravity) and one for its internal vibrational energy (as the atoms pull and push against each other within their chemical bond).

Word History and Origins

Origin of degree of freedom¹

First recorded in 1900–05

Example Sentences

Its disadvantage is the huge computational cost of exploring vast input space, especially when the system has a high degree of freedom.

From Science Daily

Spintronics exploits the intrinsic spin of electrons, and fundamental to the field is controlling the flows of the spin degree of freedom, i.e., spin currents.

From Science Daily

“Building in primitives meaningfully expands your degrees of freedom,” Jassy wrote to shareholders in the letter released Thursday.

From Seattle Times

On the Chinese internet, which allows a slightly greater degree of freedom of speech than the highly controlled traditional media, the push for the adoption of loong was mixed.

From Seattle Times

Secondly, flexible DNA provides additional degrees of freedom in the assembly of non-space-filling polyhedral nanoparticles, leading to the creation of complex crystals with symmetries not previously achievable with colloidal crystal engineering with DNA.

From Science Daily