action potential

noun

, Physiology.

1. the change in electrical potential that occurs between the inside and outside of a nerve or muscle fiber when it is stimulated, serving to transmit nerve signals.

action potential

noun

1. a localized change in electrical potential, from about –70 mV to +30 mV and back again, that occurs across a nerve fibre during transmission of a nerve impulse

action potential

/ ăk′shən /

1. A momentary change in electrical potential on the surface of a neuron or muscle cell. Nerve impulses are action potentials. They either stimulate a change in polarity in another neuron or cause a muscle cell to contract.

action potential

1. The rapid change in electric potential that parts of a nerve cell undergo when a nerve impulse is generated. Unlike ordinary electric current (see also current ), which consists of the flow of electrons , the action potential involves the movement of sodium and potassium ions across the cell membrane .

Word History and Origins

Origin of action potential¹

First recorded in 1925–30

Example Sentences

This change, known as hyperpolarisation, makes it difficult for the neuron to generate the electrical signal known as an action potential.

From Science Daily

It was thought that chandelier cells could exert strong control over pyramidal cells by blocking the action potential.

From Science Daily

Mental stress changes the recovery period of heart cells after each heartbeat, called the action potential duration.

From Scientific American

Audible clicks indicate neural activity and the brightness of LEDs indicates the cell’s action potential, the spike of electrical activity that shows it’s working.

From Nature

Each impulse, known as an action potential, is mediated by currents of charged ions flowing through a neuron’s membrane.

From Nature