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Which scientist challenged a dominant astronomical paradigm after observing Jupiter's moons?

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paradigm

American  

[par-uh-dahym, -dim] / ˈpær əˌdaɪm, -dɪm /

noun

• paradigms
  plural

1. 1. a framework containing the basic assumptions, ways of thinking, and methodology that are commonly accepted by members of a scientific community.

   2. such a cognitive framework shared by members of any discipline or group.

      The company’s business paradigm needs updating for a new generation.

2. Informal. a general mental model or framework for anything.

   Their first album completely blew apart my paradigm for what rock music could be.

3. an example serving as a model for others to imitate; pattern.

   Pelham Dairy’s 10-year aged cheddar is the paradigm of cheddars.

   Synonyms:

   touchstone, paragon, ideal, standard, mold

4. a typical or representative instance or example.

   His experimentalism and iconoclastic attitude towards the past make Picasso a paradigm of 20th century painting.

5. Grammar.

   1. a set of forms all of which contain a particular element, especially the set of all inflected forms based on a single stem or theme.

   2. a display in fixed arrangement of such a set, as boy, boy's, boys, boys'.

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paradigm British  

/ ˈpærəˌdaɪm /

noun

1. grammar the set of all the inflected forms of a word or a systematic arrangement displaying these forms

2. a pattern or model

3. a typical or stereotypical example (esp in the phrase paradigm case )

4. (in the philosophy of science) a very general conception of the nature of scientific endeavour within which a given enquiry is undertaken

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Other Word Forms

Derived Forms

• paradigmatic
  adjective

Inflected Forms

Nouns

• paradigms
  plural

Etymology

Origin of paradigm

First recorded in 1475–85; from Late Latin paradigma “example,” from Greek parádeigma “pattern, model, precedent, example” (derivative of paradeiknýnai “to show side by side, compare”), equivalent to para- preposition and prefix + deik-, root of deiknýnai “to show, bring to light, prove” + -ma noun suffix denoting the result of an action; see para- ¹, deictic

Explanation

A paradigm is a standard, perspective, or set of ideas. A paradigm is a way of looking at something. The word paradigm comes up a lot in the academic, scientific, and business worlds. A new paradigm in business could mean a new way of reaching customers and making money. In education, relying on lectures is a paradigm: if you suddenly shifted to all group work, that would be a new paradigm. When you change paradigms, you're changing how you think about something.

Example Sentences

See Examples For:

paradigm paradigms

But to hear Florence Pugh deliver it as Cathy’s belief, and the establishing paradigm of Kazan’s limited series, changes things.

From Salon ● Oct. 3, 2026

"In the paradigm we propose, portable ultrasound devices usable by any healthcare professional will become the standard tool for atherosclerosis screening from the early stages of adult life," Dr. Ibáñez said.

From Science Daily ● Oct. 1, 2026

Rounding out the paradigm are the “Nahs,” or folks who aren’t well known enough to claim “Who” status.

From Los Angeles Times ● Sep. 28, 2026

"I thought it's a completely and absolutely different paradigm than how I think, how I work," she added.

From Barron's ● Sep. 4, 2026

Kuhn’s concept of a paradigm, which he presented as an amalgam of a practice, a theory, and an educational programme, represented a particular way of interlocking these three variables.

From "The Invention of Science" by David Wootton

Sometimes a talent comes along that renders old paradigms obsolete.

From Los Angeles Times ● Jul. 8, 2026

Higher energy costs, higher interest rates and shifting economic paradigms from the AI-investment cycle are creating both winners and losers that the credit markets struggle to discount adequately.

From MarketWatch ● Mar. 31, 2026

They are suggesting robot workforces will rise to outnumber human populations, godlike smartglasses will replace iPhones as new computer paradigms and AI data centers will expand to outer space.

From The Wall Street Journal ● Dec. 7, 2025

"There has to be a change in paradigms that are at the foundation of how we run our society and the kinds of laws we create," he said.

From Salon ● Apr. 15, 2025

What is striking about these intellectual tools and cultural values is that they have proved to have a history quite unlike that of paradigms.

From "The Invention of Science" by David Wootton