deduction

American  

[dih-duhk-shuhn] / dɪˈdʌk ʃən /

noun

• deductions
  plural

1. the act or process of deducting; subtraction.

2. something that is or may be deducted.

   She took deductions for a home office and other business expenses from her taxes.

3. the act or process of deducing.

4. something that is deduced.

   His astute deduction was worthy of Sherlock Holmes.

5. Logic.

   1. a process of reasoning in which a conclusion follows necessarily from the premises presented, so that the conclusion cannot be false if the premises are true.

   2. a conclusion reached by this process.

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deduction British  

/ dɪˈdʌkʃən /

noun

1. the act or process of deducting or subtracting

2. something, esp a sum of money, that is or may be deducted

3. 1. the process of reasoning typical of mathematics and logic, whose conclusions follow necessarily from their premises

   2. an argument of this type

   3. the conclusion of such an argument

4. logic

   1. a systematic method of deriving conclusions that cannot be false when the premises are true, esp one amenable to formalization and study by the science of logic

   2. an argument of this type Compare induction

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deduction Scientific  

/ dĭ-dŭk′shən /

1. The process of reasoning from the general to the specific, in which a conclusion follows necessarily from the premises.

2. A conclusion reached by this process.

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deduction ¹ Cultural  

1. A process of reasoning that moves from the general to the specific. (Compare induction.)

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deduction ² Cultural  

1. A cost or expense subtracted from revenue, usually for tax purposes.

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Usage

The logical processes known as deduction and induction work in opposite ways. In deduction general principles are applied to specific instances. Thus, using a mathematical formula to figure the volume of air that can be contained in a gymnasium is applying deduction. Similarly, applying a law of physics to predict the outcome of an experiment is reasoning by deduction. By contrast, induction makes generalizations based on a number of specific instances. The observation of hundreds of examples in which a certain chemical kills plants might prompt the inductive conclusion that the chemical is toxic to all plants. Inductive generalizations are often revised as more examples are studied and more facts are known. If certain plants that have not been tested turn out to be unaffected by the chemical, the conclusion about the chemical's toxicity must be revised or restricted. In this way, an inductive generalization is much like a hypothesis.

Other Word Forms

Derived Forms

• nondeduction
  noun
• prededuction
  noun

Inflected Forms

Nouns

• deductions
  plural

Etymology

Origin of deduction

First recorded in 1400–50; late Middle English deduccioun, from Anglo-French, from Latin dēductiōn-, stem of dēductiō “a leading away”; see deduct, -ion

Explanation

If you get a tax deduction it means you get to reduce the amount of your income that is subject to tax. If something's on sale, you might get a percentage deduction from the original price. Deduction means taking away, or an amount taken away. If you're a fan of Sherlock Holmes, you already know that the process of logical deduction helps to solve crimes––you take away the information you do know to deduce the answer to what you don't. In figure skating, every mistake on the ice results in a point deduction––the judges take points away.

Example Sentences

See Examples For:

deduction deductions

Donors receive no tax deduction for contributions to accounts.

From MarketWatch ● Oct. 1, 2026

The likely punishment is uncertain but, according to Premier League rules, City could face a substantial points deduction, a fine or even expulsion from the top division.

From Barron's ● Oct. 1, 2026

The report estimates that the deduction could improve oil producers’ cash flow per share by 6% on average.

From The Wall Street Journal ● Sep. 28, 2026

The CDP had applied an additional eight-point deduction, a further eight-point penalty suspended for a year, plus a £5,000 fine.

From BBC ● Sep. 28, 2026

Further use of her powers of deduction would have to wait.

From "The Incorrigible Children of Ashton Place: Book I: The Mysterious Howling" by Maryrose Wood

Scholarships with payments up to the cost of tuition, room and board, and academic expenses would be deductions.

From The Wall Street Journal ● Sep. 30, 2026

Possible penalties include points deductions and, in the most extreme outcome, relegation from the top tier.

From The Wall Street Journal ● Sep. 29, 2026

That theoretically could include retrospectively-applied points deductions, or the stripping of titles.

From BBC ● Sep. 26, 2026

Then followed a particularly dark and turbulent period in the club's history featuring points deductions and a stint in administration.

From BBC ● Sep. 19, 2026

If they hoped to finish well, the Fugees needed to win and to avoid getting any red cards, which brought point deductions.

From "Outcasts United: An American Town, a Refugee Team, and One Woman's Quest to Make a Difference" by Warren St. John

Related Words

• abatement
• allowance
• credit
• discount
• rebate
• reduction
• tax write-off
• write-off