annotate
Americanverb (used with object)
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annotates,
present (3rd person singular)
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annotated,
past participle, past
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annotating
present participle
verb (used without object)
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annotates,
present (3rd person singular)
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annotated,
past participle, past
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annotating
present participle
verb
Usage
What does annotate mean? To annotate is to add notes or comments to a text or something similar to provide explanation or criticism about a particular part of it. Such notes or comments are called annotations. Annotation can also refer to the act of annotating. Annotations are often added to scholarly articles or to literary works that are being analyzed. But any text can be annotated. For example, a note that you scribble in the margin of your textbook is an annotation, as is an explanatory comment that you add to a list of tasks at work. Something that has had such notes added to it can be described with the adjective annotated, as in This is the annotated edition of the book. Example: I like to annotate the books I’m reading by writing my thoughts in the margins.
Other Word Forms
Derived Forms
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annotatornoun
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overannotateverb
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reannotateverb
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annotatableadjective
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annotativeadjective
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annotatoryadjective
Inflected Forms
Participles
Conjugated Forms
Present
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annotatesimple
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annotatessimple
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have annotatedperfect
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has annotatedperfect
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am annotatingprogressive
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are annotatingprogressive
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is annotatingprogressive
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have been annotatingperfect progressive
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has been annotatingperfect progressive
Past
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annotatedsimple
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had annotatedperfect
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was annotatingprogressive
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were annotatingprogressive
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had been annotatingperfect progressive
Future
Etymology
Origin of annotate
First recorded in 1725–35; from Latin annotātus “marked down,” past participle of annotāre “to mark down,” from an- an- 2 + notāre “to mark” ( see note)
Explanation
When you annotate, you write critical explanations to add extra insight about something. These explanations can be necessary to understanding writings in which the language might be difficult to make sense of without clarification. The heart of the word annotate is the word note. The Latin annotātus means "noted down," making the word a breeze to remember. A writer will annotate parts that need extra explanation in technical works or classic writings in which the language or concepts might be difficult to grasp. In fact, some works, like James Joyce’s "Ulysses," have entire separate volumes of annotations, and readers must shift back and forth from the novel to the annotations. Now that's a dedicated reader!
Vocabulary lists containing annotate
Jim Burke's Academic Vocabulary List
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The Poet X
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myPerspectives 8.2
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Example Sentences
Examples are provided to illustrate real-world usage of words in context. Any opinions expressed do not reflect the views of Dictionary.com.
See Examples For:
In AP literature and composition class — I bought sticky tabs and used a pen as a bookmark so I could annotate as I was reading.
From Los Angeles Times ● Feb. 10, 2026
She would annotate each image with an arrow, directing my next move, and send it back.
From Slate ● Aug. 4, 2025
They must be able — with full certainty — to annotate and explain data they cite and how they reach conclusions.
From Seattle Times ● May 20, 2024
To improve researchers’ ability to study viruses around the globe, my team and I have developed a novel approach to annotate viral sequences using artificial intelligence.
From Salon ● May 17, 2024
“Oh, I can’t wait to analyze and annotate them,” said Millard, rubbing his hands together.
From "Hollow City" by Ransom Riggs
Ever the eager pedagogue, as played with buoyant energy by Mr. Morse, Beckett annotates her performance: “Haydn based that movement of the symphony on a folk song. From Croatia.”
From The Wall Street Journal ● Jan. 30, 2026
Fast-forward a few years and Ding himself annotates in the book his famous sacrificial masterpiece against GM Jinshi Bai, played in a round of the Chinese Chess League in 2017.
From Washington Times ● Dec. 12, 2023
When users type a question into its subscription-based tool Assistant, the software pulls an answer from ChatGPT and automatically annotates the text with references to relevant scholarly articles, choosing from millions in its database.
From Science Magazine ● Apr. 26, 2023
Like Microsoft’s Bing chatbot and similar technology from start-ups like You.com and Proximity, Bard sometimes annotates its answers so you can review its sources.
From New York Times ● Mar. 21, 2023
"You must never go without Jane," annotates Cecil; "must she, papa?"
From Floyd Grandon's Honor by Amanda Minnie Douglas
Essentials for a successful claim include geostamped, time-stamped and annotated “before, during and after” repair photos documenting damage, work performed, and completion, it adds.
From MarketWatch ● Aug. 18, 2026
They occurred in the newly annotated promoter region of TPP1 and boosted production of the protein.
From Science Daily ● Jul. 1, 2026
Strawberries and white wine were on the menu, and - as has now become customary - one of the empty bottles was annotated and encased in a glass table to commemorate Sinner's latest success.
From BBC ● Jun. 22, 2026
Alongside the guitar is a copy of the Declaration of Independence, annotated by John McKesson, secretary of New York’s Fourth Provincial Congress, in the days following July 4, 1776.
From Los Angeles Times ● Jun. 10, 2026
Mendel himself requested forty reprints, which he mailed, heavily annotated, to many scientists.
From "The Gene" by Siddhartha Mukherjee
The authors of “Inventing Eliza” excavated large portions of Eliza’s code from MIT’s archives and used it to re-create Eliza running Doctor, talmudically annotating the code throughout the book.
From The Wall Street Journal ● Aug. 19, 2026
The following year, Pulte even produced a slim volume annotating some of his grandfather’s sayings and quotations.
From Salon ● Jun. 9, 2026
It recently started annotating videos from more advanced humanoid robots, helping train them to sort and fold a mix of towels and clothes, folding them and placing them in different corners of the table.
From Los Angeles Times ● Nov. 2, 2025
Indicating the origin of an inset from an image is minimal; providing intensity scales for grayscale, color, and pseudocolor is recommended; and annotating image details such as pixel size and exposure time are ideal.
From Science Daily ● Oct. 26, 2023
He was in his slippers; a volume of his book was open on a table, and apparently he had been engaged in revising or annotating it.
From Passages from the American Notebooks, Volume 2. by Nathaniel Hawthorne
Definitions and idiom definitions from Dictionary.com Unabridged, based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2023
Idioms from The American Heritage® Idioms Dictionary copyright © 2002, 2001, 1995 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company.
